Participatory Action Research
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Item A Canadian approach to higher education, community-engagement and the public good: The future of continuing education(2009) Hall, Budd LThis work addresses the vital role of Community-University Engagement (CUE) in Canadian higher education as a critical strategy for responding to major global challenges like social injustice and climate change. It is argued that the collective resources of universities are the largest under-utilized assets for community change and sustainability. This work introduces the CUE Factor as a triangle encompassing “Community-Based Experiential Learning”, “Community-Based Research (CBR), and Community-Based Continuing Education” , defining CBR as a collaborative, democratizing process aimed at “social action and justice”. While Continuing Education (CE) units have over a century of experience and a strong base in lifelong learning, they face significant challenges, including declining institutional support and a perceived distance from the university's core academic and research functions. Therefore, this paper proposes an agenda for action to position CE centrally within the CUE movement, recommending that CE units strengthen their research profiles, lead university-wide discussions on civic engagement, and forge action alliances with community organizations to ensure universities meet their obligation to contribute to social transformation.Item A Northeastern Brazilian: Memories of Paulo Freire(2018) Hall, Budd LItem A river of life: Learning and environmental social movements(Interface: A journal for and about social movement, 2009) Hall, Budd LWhat and how can we learn from social movements? According to Dr. Budd Hall, social movements are intense locations for knowledge to come together and for learning to happen. They are seen as one of the best routes to social transformation because they bring together action, learning and social change. In this 2009 paper, Dr. Hall reflects on the epistemic value of social movements in the creation of knowledge. He begins by exploring what a social movement is and outlines its characteristic features as discussed by different schools of thought. The paper is a collaborative effort involving teams from three organisations and presents qualitative analyses based on case studies of environmental social movements from countries like Venezuela, Brazil, Sudan, India, Canada and many more. From these cases, the paper formulates key principles of environmental social movement learning, including seeing humans as part of nature rather than separate from it, deconstructing power relations in our relationship with nature and with each other as a first step toward transforming them, and several other interconnected insights. Through both theoretical reflection and grounded case studies, Hall argues that social movements, while leading to social transformation, also facilitate deep personal transformation by creating powerful spaces for learning.Item Action research, participatory research, and the political economy of inquiry(1982) Brown, L. David; Tondon, RajeshItem Action research: Assumptions and practice(Participatory Research In Asia (PRIA), 1978) Tandon, RajeshItem Advancing environmental health science research and translation in India through community based participatory research (CBPR) workshop February 26th -28th, 2019(2019-02-28) Participatory Research in Asia (PRIA); College of Public HealthItem African regional workshop on participatory research (1-7 July): "From clarity to Anarchy – Participatory research approach"(PRIA, 1979-07) Tandon, RajeshItem An introduction to the history, theory and practice of participatory action research(Department of Politics and International Relations, 2025) Díaz-Arévalo, Juan MarioItem Beyond partnerships: Embracing complexity to understand and improve research collaboration for global development(2021) Fransman, Jude; Hall, Budd L; Hayman, Rachel; Narayanan, Pradeep; Newman, Kate; Tandon, RajeshWhile there is a burgeoning literature on the benefits of research collaboration for development, it tends to promote the idea of the ‘partnership’ as a bounded site in which interventions to improve collaborative practice can be made. This article draws on complexity theory and systems thinking to argue that such an assumption is problematic, divorcing collaboration from wider systems of research and practice. Instead, a systemic framework for understanding and evaluating collaboration is proposed. This framework is used to reflect on a set of principles for fair and equitable research collaboration that emerged from a programme of strategic research and capacity strengthening conducted by the Rethinking Research Collaborative (RRC) for the United Kingdom (UK)’s primary research funder: UK Research and Innovation (UKRI). The article concludes that a systemic conceptualisation of collaboration is more responsive than a ‘partnership’ approach, both to the principles of fairness and equity and also to uncertain futures.Item Breaking the monopoly of knowledge: research methods, participation and development(1977) Hall, Budd LWhat is the objective of our research? Dr. Budd Hall delves deeply into this question while critiquing the dominant, top-down approach to conducting research in adult education. This essay explores how knowledge obtained through survey research can be inaccurate, alienating, and inadequate for guiding social action. Drawing from the works of radical scholars such as Freire, Glaser and Strauss, Oliveiras, and others, along with his own reflections, Hall discusses what an alternative participatory research approach can look like and what its fundamental principles would be. These lessons are guided by the principle of liberation to realize the full human creative potential, to continually inquire on this front, and to break away from dominant frameworks.Item Certificate in international perspectives in participatory research instructional guidelines(PRIA & UVic, 2013) Participatory Research in Asia (PRIA); University of VictoriaItem Citizen's report on water supply, sanitation and solid waste management in selected small and medium towns in India(Society for Participatory Research in Asia (PRIA), 2008-12) Participatory Research in Asia (PRIA)Item Clippings from Cartagena...(0000)Item Collaborative participatory research in gender mainstreaming in social change organizations(Participatory research in Asia (PRIA), 2006-11-19) Tandon, Rajesh; Farrell, MarthaUnequal gender relations in societies, specially developing countries, have been focus of development programmes for decades. Much of this focus has been on changing gender relations in communities. However, organisations - governmental and private also reflect similar patterns of gender relations. Advocacy for gender mainstreaming in organisations has had limited success due to prescriptive approach. PRIA has adopted a learning process approach to gender mainstreaming in development NGOs in India. Collaborative Research methodology has been utilized towards this end. This paper describes one such case and draws implications for future research and practice.Item Community participation(2000) Tandon, RajeshItem Dialogue as inquiry and intervention(1981) Tandon, RajeshItem Doing research with people: Approaches to participatory research, an introduction(Society for Participatory Research in Asia (PRIA), 2000) Pinto, MayaItem Early childhood care and development programs as hook and hub for community development: Promising practices in first nations(University of Victoria, 2004) Ball, JessicaThis report summarizes key findings of a year-long investigation into the steps taken by Lil’wat Nation, Tl’azt’en Nation, and six of the First Nations in the Treaty 8 Tribal Association to strengthen their capacity to provide early childhood care and development programs, in ways that reinforce their cultures and languages and promote the well-being of young children and their parents or other caregivers.Item Evaluation of adult education in Tanzania: A status report(University of Dar es Salaam, 1971-02-13) Hall, Budd LSince the start of the second Five Year Plan (1969-74) in Tanzania, the national focus has been on developing and extending adult education (largely literacy) in general, and rural programs in particular. Systematic program evaluation is needed so that scarce human and financial resources can be used effectively without needless duplication of past efforts and mistakes. The work oriented literacy project launched at Mwanza in 1967 is presently the only place in Tanzania where large scale evaluation of adult education activities is occurring. However, the Institute of Adult Education at the University of Dar es Salaam has begun evaluating the operation of the "Uchaguzi ni wako" radio citizen education study groups, together with provisions for adult educator training and the problems these educators encounter in the field. Irregular attendance and high dropout rates are a major weakness in literacy teacher training programs; failure of adult education in general to attract youth is another problem. There is evidence that adult education can be most easily organized within a framework of existing village systems and social relationships; and that literacy education is not necessarily a prerequisite for rural adult education.Item From action research to knowledge democracy Cartagena 1977-2017(Colombian Journal of Sociology (RCS), 2018) Hall, Budd L; Tandon, RajeshWhat can we learn from the histories of participatory research? In this article, Dr. Budd Hall and Dr. Rajesh Tandon reflect on the historical and political trajectories that shaped participatory action research in its current form. In conversation with pioneers such as Orlando Fals Borda, they situate participatory research within wider struggles for adult education, liberation and democratic knowledge production. Drawing from personal reflections and histories of adult education institutions, Hall and Tandon write about their own journeys into participatory research and the relationships that sustained these practices across continents. The article highlights the need for a non-fragmented methodology of action research, rooted in political praxis and committed to societal transformation. Through the work of Borda, particularly the landmark 1977 Cartagena conference that brought together over 4000 delegates to deliberate on people’s participation, the authors highlight the importance of challenging unequal relations of power and control. In revisiting these histories, the article affirms participatory action research as an ongoing project of epistemic justice and social transformation