Knowledge Democracy and Participatory Research
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Welcome to the Knowledge Democracy and Participatory Research Community. This community serves as a comprehensive repository of resources on participatory approaches, community-based research, and collaborative inquiry methods. Our mission is to foster knowledge sharing and support initiatives that empower communities to contribute to research, ensuring their voices shape the knowledge that impacts their lives.
Explore a wealth of materials, including case studies, policy papers, training guides, and research publications that highlight the practice and principles of participatory research worldwide.
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Item Research Methods in Social Relations-Survey Research Designs(SPSSI, 1986) Kidder, Louis H.; Judd, Charles M.The strength of survey research lies in answering questions of fact and in assessing the distributions of the characteristics of populations. In uses of this kind, issues of internal validity are not raised, and hence the pre-experimental research designs that are typically used do not cause problems. There are no causal inferences to be made. Because survey designs lend themselves easily to extensive data collection over large geographical areas, they typically obtain data that are more externally valid than data gathered in laboratory settings. Sampling procedures to enhance external validity are more easily implemented in survey research than in experimental research. Likewise, many naturally occurring phenomena can be observed in survey research, whereas those same phenomena might not be amenable to experimental simulation and manipulation.Item Research Methods in Social Relations-Randomized Experiments(SPSSI, 1986) Kidder, Louis H.; Judd, Charles M.Randomized experiments are the method par excellence for examining causal relationships and concluding "this caused that." They enable a researcher to test and rule out the primary threats to internal validity: maturation, history, Instrumentation, mortality, and selection. Experiments that contain more than one independent variable provide tests of both the main effects and the interaction effects of those variables.Item Research Methods in Social Relations-Quasi-Experimental Designs(SPSSI, 1986) Kidder, Louis H.; Judd, Charles M.Quasi-experimental designs provide a way to study some naturally occurring social treatments. They are a compromise between a true experiment that has high internal validity and the poor pre-experiments that have almost no internal validity at all. Quasi experiments enable us to rule out some threats to validity because they include more data points than the pre-experiments. The number of quasi-experimental designs that a creative researcher can construct is limitless. We have presented three types that are extensions of pre-experiments to show how the additional data points make a previously uninterpretable design interpretable. A determined researcher can design yet unthought-of quasi experiments by gathering data from enough subjects at enough times to rule out many threats to internal validity, so that even without random assignment, it will be possible to infer causes and effects.Item Research Methods in Social Relations-Field Work and Participant Observation: Studying Particular People and Places(SPSSI, 1986) Kidder, Louis H.; Judd, Charles M.Experimenters frequently use college students as their subjects even. though they are not trying to study the mental or social life of college students. Instead, they wish to make observations about psychological pro-cesses that occur in all or most people. They wish to generalize beyond the college laboratory and say something about "people in general." Participant observers who study college students do so very deliberately to learn about their experiences. They may observe the behaviors. and attitudes of medical students, for instance, to draw conclusions about becoming a doctor (e.g.. Becker et al, 1961) Participant observers, like anthropologists, record in detail how people live, feel, and work in particular locales. Rather than go to foreign shores, however, they study places closer to home a neighborhood street gang, a parole office, an assembly line. or an Appalachian community. Like anthropologists, they provide rich detail on the lives of particular people in a particular place.Item Research Methods in Social Relations-An Introduction to Sampling(SPSSI, 1986) Kidder, Louis H.; Judd, Charles M.To provide an introduction to procedures that can be used to increase the external validity of a piece of research. In this chapter we give a nontechnical introduction to sampling: We show how the process of selecting a sample from a population affects the degree to which generalizations to the population can be confidently made. This chapter is not a manual of sampling procedures, nor does it review the statistical theory that underlies much of what we know about sampling. Rather the goal is to provide a sufficient introduction to the topic so that you can appreciate the considerations involved in sampling. In Chapter 8 we discuss a kind of research, called participant observation, in which we study people in their natural settings so we can more confidently reach conclusions about those settings and conditions that we are most interested in..